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Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da nutrição parenteral total ou enteral, associadas ou não à glutamina, sobre a motilidade gastrintestinal em equinos submetidos à inanição e realimentação. Foram utilizados 16 equinos adultos hígidos, sem raça definida, de ambos os sexos, quatro machos e 12 fêmeas, com idade variando entre quatro e 14 anos e peso corporal médio de 248,40 + 2,28 kg, divididos em quatro grupos, quatro animais por grupo: Grupo I (ENTGL): fluidoterapia enteral com eletrólitos associada a glutamina; Grupo II (PARGL): Nutrição parenteral total (NPT) associada a glutamina; Grupo III (ENTFL): fluidoterapia enteral com eletrólitos; Grupo IV (PARFL): fluidoterapia parenteral. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, em um esquema fatorial 4x12 (grupos x tempo de colheita), para cada fase, e suas médias comparadas pelo teste de Duncan ao nível de 5% de significância. Independente do grupo experimental ocorreu redução da motilidade gastrintestinal durante a fase de inanição, mais pronunciada nos grupos PARGL e PARFL. Uma vez restabelecida a alimentação a motilidade gastrintestinal retornou à normalidade.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of enteral or total parenteral nutrition, associated or not with glutamine, on gastrointestinal motility in horses subjected to starvation and refeeding. 16 healthy, mixed-breed adult horses of both sexes, four geldings and 12 mares, with ages ranging from four to 14 years and an average body weight of 248.40 + 2.28 kg, were divided into four groups, four animals per group: Group I (ENTGL): enteral fluid therapy with electrolytes associated with glutamine; Group II (PARGL): total parenteral nutrition (TPN) associated with glutamine; Group III (ENTFL): enteral fluid therapy with electrolytes; Group IV (PARFL): parenteral fluid therapy. The experimental design was entirely randomized, in a 4x12 factorial scheme (groups x harvest time), for each phase, and their means compared by the Duncan test at the level of 5% significance. Regardless of the experimental group, there was a reduction in gastrointestinal motility during the starvation phase, which was more pronounced in the PARGL and PARFL groups. Once the food was restored, gastrointestinal motility returned to normal.
Subject(s)
Animals , Horses/anatomy & histology , Horses/physiology , Horses/metabolism , Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Gastrointestinal Motility , Enteral Nutrition , Parenteral Nutrition , GlutamineABSTRACT
Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da nutrição parenteral total ou enteral, associadas ou não à glutamina, sobre a motilidade gastrintestinal em equinos submetidos à inanição e realimentação. Foram utilizados 16 equinos adultos hígidos, sem raça definida, de ambos os sexos, quatro machos e 12 fêmeas, com idade variando entre quatro e 14 anos e peso corporal médio de 248,40 + 2,28 kg, divididos em quatro grupos, quatro animais por grupo: Grupo I (ENTGL): fluidoterapia enteral com eletrólitos associada a glutamina; Grupo II (PARGL): Nutrição parenteral total (NPT) associada a glutamina; Grupo III (ENTFL): fluidoterapia enteral com eletrólitos; Grupo IV (PARFL): fluidoterapia parenteral. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, em um esquema fatorial 4x12 (grupos x tempo de colheita), para cada fase, e suas médias comparadas pelo teste de Duncan ao nível de 5% de significância. Independente do grupo experimental ocorreu redução da motilidade gastrintestinal durante a fase de inanição, mais pronunciada nos grupos PARGL e PARFL. Uma vez restabelecida a alimentação a motilidade gastrintestinal retornou à normalidade.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of enteral or total parenteral nutrition, associated or not with glutamine, on gastrointestinal motility in horses subjected to starvation and refeeding. 16 healthy, mixed-breed adult horses of both sexes, four geldings and 12 mares, with ages ranging from four to 14 years and an average body weight of 248.40 + 2.28 kg, were divided into four groups, four animals per group: Group I (ENTGL): enteral fluid therapy with electrolytes associated with glutamine; Group II (PARGL): total parenteral nutrition (TPN) associated with glutamine; Group III (ENTFL): enteral fluid therapy with electrolytes; Group IV (PARFL): parenteral fluid therapy. The experimental design was entirely randomized, in a 4x12 factorial scheme (groups x harvest time), for each phase, and their means compared by the Duncan test at the level of 5% significance. Regardless of the experimental group, there was a reduction in gastrointestinal motility during the starvation phase, which was more pronounced in the PARGL and PARFL groups. Once the food was restored, gastrointestinal motility returned to normal.
Subject(s)
Animals , Enteral Nutrition/veterinary , Parenteral Nutrition, Total/veterinary , Gastrointestinal Motility , Horses , Starvation/veterinary , Glutamine/therapeutic useABSTRACT
The interplay between obesity and gastrointestinal (GI) motility is contradictory, and the transgenerational influence on this parameter is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the GI function in a model of paternal obesity and two subsequent generations of their male offspring. Newborn male rats were treated with monosodium glutamate (MSG) and composed the F1 generation, while control rats (CONT) received saline. At 90 days, male F1 were mated with non-obese females to obtain male offspring (F2), which later mated with non-obese females for obtaining male offspring of F3 generation. Lee Index analysis was adopted to set up the obesity groups. Alternating current biosusceptometry (ACB) technique was employed to calculate GI transit parameters: mean gastric emptying time (MGET), mean cecum arrival time (MCAT), mean small intestinal transit time (MSITT), and gastric frequency and amplitude of contractions. Glucose, insulin, and leptin levels and duodenal morphometry were measured. F1 obese rats showed a decrease in the frequency and amplitude of gastric contractions, while obese rats from the F2 generation showed accelerated MGET and delayed MCAT and MSITT. Glucose and leptin levels were increased in F1 and F2 generations. Insulin levels decreased in F1, F2, and F3 generations. Duodenal morphometry was altered in all three generations. Obesity may have paternal transgenerational transmission, and it provoked disturbances in the gastrointestinal function of three generations.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Rats , Paternal Exposure , Obesity/etiology , Gastrointestinal Transit , Leptin , Gastrointestinal Motility , InsulinABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the influence of gender, age and body mass index (BMI) on small intestinal transit time (SITT). Methods: A total of 181 patients admitted to in the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital during September 2012 to December 2018 for capsule endoscopy were selected and their age, gender, BMI and SITT were analyzed. The Mann-Whitney U test was utilized to compare the differences of SITT in patients of different genders. Spearman ρ test and multiple linear regression analysis were adopted to explore the relationship between different physiological variables age, gender, BMI and patient SITT. Results: The median SITT were 267.5 minutes for females and 252.0 minutes for males. Although the median SITT was 15.5 minutes longer in women than men, no statistical significance was found (P=0.360). There was positive correlation between age and SITT (ρ=0.22, P=0.002), and negative correlation between BMI and SITT (ρ=-0.17, P=0.02). Conclusion: The differences in drug bioavailability of modified-release preparations can not be attributed to SITT among patients of different genders, but may be related to SITT among patients of different ages and BMI.
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Objective To study the effects of traditional Chinese medicine Zuojin Pill on gastrointestinal system.Methods Through ig giving 0.1％ methyl orange solution,the gastric residual rate was calculated,and the effect of Zuojin Pill on gastric emptying in mice was observed.By ig administration of 5％ carbon powder,the advance rate of carbon powder was calculated,and the effect of Zuojin Pill on intestinal motility in normal mice and the antagonistic effect on intestinal motility hyperfunction induced by neostigmine were observed.Effect of Zuojin Pill on contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum induced by histamine was observed.After D-xylose solution was ig given to rats,the serum xylose level was determined 1 h later,and the effect of Zuojin Pill on rat intestinal absorption was observed.The anti-diarrhea effect of Zuojin Pill was observed by giving castor oil to mice.At the same time,we have made a comparison between Zuojin Pill and Wuji Pill-berberine,to evaluate the rationalization of Zuojin Pill.Results It was obvious in experimental results that Zuojin Pill had a regulating effect on gastrointestinal system.Zuojin Pill dose-dependently inhibited the gastric emptying.Zuojin Pill demonstrated more effective suppression on the accelerated movement induced by neostigmine,but did not inhibit normal intestinal transit in mice.Zuojin Pill markedly inhibited sperm motility in mice.Zuojin Pill concentration-dependently inhibited the contraction intensity of isolated ileum muscles in guinea pigs induced by histamine.Zuojin Pill markedly inhibited diarrhea induced by castor oil.Compared with Wuji Pill-berberine,the effect of Zuojin Pill on gastrointestinal system was more visible in the same dose.Conclusion Zuojin Pill has obvious regulation effect on the gastrointestinal tract,there are indications that the application of Zuojin Pill to clinic is scientific and reasonable.
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The roots of Aristolochia argentina are used in folk medicine for the treatment of colitis, diarrhoea and hemorrhoids. In this study, based on ethnobotanical lead, we evaluated the antidiarrhoeal activity of Aristolochia argentina lyophilized aqueous extract (AALE) in rats and mice using various models. The castor oil and magnesium sulphate induced diarrhoea, the small intestinal transit in mice and the intestinal fluid accumulation were used in this study. At the doses of 62.5, 125 and 250 mg/kg p.o., the AALE showed significant antidiarrhoeal activity in both models. The AALE significantly reduced the intestinal fluid accumulation in the castor oil induced enteropooling. AALE delays small intestinal transit possibly, at least in part, involving opioid and α2-adrenergic receptors. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and anthraquinones. The results suggest that AALE showed antidiarrhoeal activity by inhibiting intestinal motility and enteropooling property, justify its use in traditional medicine.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Musa sapientum L. (MS) bark juice in diabetic gastroparesis and its effect on pharmacokinetic of metformin (MET).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Diabetes was induced in rats by administering alloxan (120 mg/kg) saline solution and maintained for 8 week. All the 18 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (n =6 in each group): normal control, diabetic control and MS bark juice. Assessment of diabetes was done by glucose oxidase-peroxidase method on the 3rd day of alloxan administration. The effects of MS bark juice (100 mL/kg) on gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, contractility of fundus and pylorus as well as gastric acid secretion in chronic diabetic rats were observed after 8 weeks of alloxan administration. The effect of MS bark juice on the pharmacokinetic of orally administered single dose of MET (350 mg/kg) was evaluated on the 57th day of protocol. Any drugs that may reduce the blood glucose level or influence the fibrinolytic system were not used in this study.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The MS bark juice significantly reduced the blood glucose level in the diabetic rats (P<0.01). There was significant decrease in the pylorus motility and increase in the gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, contractility of fundus, gastric acid secretion in the MS bark juice treated group (P<0.01). There was significant decrease in the time at which drug at a maximum concentration, half life of drug and increase in the maximum concentration of drug in the plasma of MET in MS bark juice treated group as compared to diabetic control group (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MS bark juice effectively manages diabetic gastroparesis and thereby improves the bioavailabilty of MET when administered with MS bark juice.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Alloxan , Blood Glucose , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Blood , Drug Therapy , Gastroparesis , Blood , Drug Therapy , Metformin , Blood , Pharmacokinetics , Therapeutic Uses , Musa , Chemistry , Plant Extracts , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between colon transit time (CTT) test value and initial maintenance dose of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 or lactulose. METHODS: Of 415 children with chronic functional constipation, 190 were enrolled based on exclusion criteria using the CTT test, defecation diary, and clinical chart. The CTT test was performed with prior disimpaction. The laxative dose for maintenance was determined on the basis of the defecation diary and clinical chart. The Shapiro-Wilk test and Pearson's and Spearman's correlations were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The overall group median value and interquartile range of the CTT test was 43.8 (31.8) hours. The average PEG 4000 dose for maintenance in the overall group was 0.68±0.18 g/kg/d; according to age, the dose was 0.73±0.16 g/kg/d (<8 years), 0.53±0.12 g/kg/d (8 to <12 years), and 0.36±0.05 g/kg/d (12 to 15 years). The dose of lactulose was 1.99±0.43 mL/kg/d (<8 years) or 1.26±0.25 mL/kg/d (8 to <12 years). There was no significant correlation between CTT test value and initial dose of laxative, irrespective of the subgroup (encopresis, abnormal CTT test subtype) for either laxative. Even in the largest group (overall, n=109, younger than 8 years and on PEG 4000), the correlation was weak (Pearson's correlation coefficient [R]=0.268, p=0.005). Within the abnormal transit group, subgroup (n=73, younger than 8 years and on PEG 4000) correlation was weak (R=0.267, p=0.022). CONCLUSION: CTT test value cannot predict the initial maintenance dose of PEG 4000 or lactulose with linear correlation.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Colon , Constipation , Defecation , Lactulose , Laxatives , Polyethylene GlycolsABSTRACT
The antidiarrhoeal activity of Cryptocoryne spiralis rhizomes extract (250, 500, 750 mg/kg, po) was evaluated using faecal excretion, castor oil-induced diarrhoea, small intestinal transit, intestinal fluid accumulation, gastric emptying and PGE2 induced enteropooling models in rats. In addition, various biochemical estimations, histopathological studies and antibacterial evaluations on strains responsible for diarrhoea were also performed. The results illustrated a significant reduction in normal faecal output rate after 5th and 7th h of treatment, while castor oil-induced diarrhoea model depicted a protection of 55.44% at same dose level from diarrhoea. The other models except, gastric emptying test demonstrated more pronounced effect at same dose level. A significant inhibition in nitric oxide, increase in carbohydrates, protein, DNA, Na+ and K+ level with minimum degeneration of colonic fibrous tissues and potent antibacterial activity were also observed. The antidiarrhoeal potential of C. spiralis may be as a result of antimotility and antisecretory type effect mediated through nitric oxide pathway.
Subject(s)
Animals , Antidiarrheals/administration & dosage , Antidiarrheals/chemistry , Araceae/chemistry , Castor Oil/toxicity , Diarrhea/chemically induced , Diarrhea/drug therapy , Diarrhea/pathology , Humans , Metabolic Networks and Pathways/drug effects , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Rats , Rhizome/chemistryABSTRACT
The effect of Masfon-Aloe vera drink on intestinal transit and motility was investigated in this study. Thirty (30) albino Wistar rats were divided into 2 batches of 15 rats each, batch 1 for intestinal motility, and batch 2 for intestinal transit experiments. Each batch was further divided into three groups of 5 rats each (control, low dose and high dose). All groups were fed with normal rat chow and water for 21 days. In addition, the control received 0.3 ml of normal saline (0.9% NaCl solution) while the low dose (LD) and high dose (HD) experimental groups received Masfon Aloe vera drink (1 ml and 3 ml/kg body weight orally, once daily respectively). The study was carried out at the Department of Physiology, University of Calabar, Nigeria. At the end of the study duration, intestinal motility and transit studies were conducted. Result for intestinal motility showed the extract (Masfon-Aloe vera drink), at either low or high dose did not significantly change the frequency and amplitude of the spontaneous contraction (basal contraction) of the rat ileum when compared with the control. Graded concentrations of Acetylcholine (10-8 to 10-4) was observed to produce a dose dependent increase in contraction of the rat ileum which was significantly (p<0.001) greater in the LD and HD groups at lower concentrations of 10-8 and 10-7M. The mean percentage intestinal transit which was not significantly different (p = 0.226, p=0.892) among the groups was 42.16 ± 2.63 in the low dose, 37.75 ± 5.15 in the high dose groups compared to 36.91 ± 3.01 in the control. Administration of atropine produced significantly higher (p<0.01) relaxations in the LD (5.00 ± 0.41 mm) and HD groups compared with control [relaxation in mm, mean ± SEM (2.25 ± 0.25) in control vs (5.00 ± 0.41) and (10.75 ± 0.25) in LD and HD respectively]. Masfon-Aloe vera drink administered at these concentrations “did” not significantly alter the basal motility and transit of the rat ileum, but was observed to potentiate Ach induced contraction of the rat ileum, and also “augmented” the relaxant effect of atropine.
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Objective: To investigate the preliminary pharmacological screening of Cassia nomame. Methods: The effect of aqueous extract from C. nomame on gastrointestinal motor function was investigated by assessing the intestinal transit rate (ITR) of charcoal modeled into gastrointestinal motility dysfunction (GMD) by the administration of dopamine, atropine, or noradrenaline to the rats, respectively. Diuresis was studied in vivo by estimating the urine output. The anti-inflammatory activity was expressed as the percentage of swelling reduction by comparison on the mean thickness of ear swelling in mice. Results: The ITR in these GMD animals was significantly retarded compared to that in normal animals. The retardation, however, was significantly inhibited by the ig administration of C. nomame (2 g/kg) for all GMD animals. The results suggested that C. nomame had the potential for development into a prokinetic agent that could prevent or alleviate GMD in patients. C. nomame increased urine output and suppressed significantly ear swelling induced by dirnethyl benzene in mice. Conclusion: C. nomame could increase the gastrointestinal contractile activity of rats and has the effects of diuresis and anti-inflammation. © 2013 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines.
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Muitas plantas são utilizadas pela população para o tratamento e a cura de doenças. Entre elas encontram-se a Persea major Kopp, Piper mollicomum Kunth. e Serjania erecta Radlk. as quais são utilizadas para diversas enfermidades, inclusive para tratar distúrbios do trato gastrointestinal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os efeitos dos extratos dessas três plantas sobre a motilidade gastrointestinal. Camundongos Swiss foram tratados com os extratos pela via oral 1 hora antes da administração de uma solução semisólida de carboximetilcelulose 1,5% e vermelho de fenol 0,05% e, após 15 minutos, o esvaziamento gástrico e o trânsito intestinal avaliados. O extrato hidroalcoólico da P. major (100 a 1000 mg Kg-1, p.o.) e o extrato hidroalcoólico da P. mollicomum (100 e 300 mg Kg-1, p.o.) aumentaram o trânsito intestinal. No entanto, somente o extrato da P. major (100 e 300 mg Kg-1) também aumentou o esvaziamento gástrico. O extrato etanólico da S. erecta (100 a 1000 mg Kg-1, p.o.) não alterou a motilidade gastrointestinal. Estes resultados sugerem que a Persea major e a Piper mollicomum mereçam estudos mais aprofundados em busca de princípios ativos ou matéria vegetal efetiva para o tratamento de distúrbios do trato gastrointestinal como a constipação.
Many plants are popularly used for the treatment and healing of diseases. The Persea major Kopp, Piper mollicomum Kunth. and Serjania erecta Radlk. are used in several illnesses, including the treatment of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the extracts of these plants on the gastrointestinal motility. Swiss mice were orally treated with extracts one hour before the administration of a semisolid solution of 1.5% carboxymethylcellulose and 0.05% phenol red. After 15 minutes, the gastric emptying and intestinal transit were determined. The hydroalcoholic extract of P. major (100 to 1000 mg Kg-1, p.o.) and the hydroalcoholic extract of P. mollicomum (100 and 300 mg Kg-1, p.o.) increased the intestinal transit. However, only the P. major extract (100 and 300 mg Kg-1) increased the gastric emptying. The ethanolic extract of S. erecta (100 to 1000 mg Kg-1, p.o.) did not alter the gastrointestinal motility. These results suggest that Persea major and Piper mollicomum can be of interest for further studies in the search of active principles or effective plant material for the treatment of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, such as constipation.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Rats , Plants, Medicinal/metabolism , Plant Extracts/analysis , Gastrointestinal Tract/physiopathology , Lauraceae/classification , Piper/classification , Gastric Emptying/physiologyABSTRACT
Aims: Acute changes in the blood glucose concentration have a substantial effect on intestinal motility in both diabetic and healthy subjects. This research work was therefore designed to assess the effect of DM on GIT motor activity and the impact of treatment with OG on same. Methodology: The phytoconstituents and median lethal dose of the plant extract was determined before administration. Eighteen rats were used; the animals were divided into three groups of six rats each. Group 1 served as the control which was fed with normal feed. Group 2 was diabetic untreated rats (DM) while group 3 was OG treated diabetic rats (DMT). At the end of 28 days, the intestinal transit and motility were determined using graded doses of acetylcholine, adrenaline and atropine. Results: The DMT intestine showed greater increase in contraction with increase in concentration of acetylcholine, application of adrenaline showed that the ileum of the DMT had a significantly lower (P=.001) percentage change in relaxation when compared to control or DM groups but there was no significant difference between DM and control group. While atropine caused a significant increase (P=.001) in percentage change in relaxation in the DMT group when compared to control and DM groups. There was no significant difference between the DM and control group. DM and the DMT groups had significantly higher (P=.05) percentage transit than the control group. There were no significant differences between DM and DMT groups. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that impaired intestinal motor activity in type I STZ-induced diabetic rats is enhanced by treatment with OG, this may be possibly due to its hypoglycemic effect and its concomitant impact on related biochemical and neuroendocrine interplay that affect GI motor function.
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Objective:To evaluate the antidiarrhoeal property of methanol extract of the leaves of Rauwolfia serpentina (R. serpentina) in experimental diarrhoea induced by castor oil in mice. Methods:Doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg R. serpentina leaf methanol extracts were administered to castor oil induced diarrhoea mice to determine its antidiarrhoeal activity. Results: All doses of the extract and the reference drug atropine sulphate (3 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a dose-dependent reduction in intestinal weight and fluid volume. The extracts also significantly reduced the intestinal transit in charcoal meal test when compared to diphenoxylate Hcl (5 mg/kg, p.o.). Conclusions: The results show that the extract of R. serpentina leaves has a significant antidiarrhoeal activity and supports its traditional uses in herbal medicine.
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Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi and the Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão were evaluated in rats and mice for antiulcer effects, as these two plants are widely used in Brazil for gastric ulcer treatment. Extracts of the plants showed a marked protective effect against gastric ulcerations induced by immobilization stress at low temperature in rats. They also showed an increase in the pH and volume of the gastric contents, and reduction in gastric hemorrhage in rats, and decrease in intestinal transit in mice, even at the low doses of 3.4 mg/kg (1/4 of the dose used by humans).
Foram avaliados, em ratos e camundongos, os efeitos antiúlcera de duas plantas usadas popularmente no Brasil para o tratamento de "males gástricos": a Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (aroeira-da-praia) e a Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (aroeira-do-sertão). Os decoctos de ambas as plantas apresentaram um marcante efeito protetor da mucosa gástrica contra as ulcerações induzidas por estresse de imobilização em baixa temperatura em ratos. Ambas as plantas apresentaram, ainda: elevação do pH, do volume do conteúdo gástrico, redução das hemorragias gástricas e do trânsito intestinal em camundongos, mesmo em doses tão reduzidas quanto 3,4 mg/kg (1/4 da dose utilizada pelo homem).
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This study was performed to investigate the role of glutamate neurotransmitter system on gastrointestinal motility in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of rats. The right middle cerebral artery was occluded by surgical operation, and intestinal transit and geometric center as a parameter of gastrointestinal motility and expression of c-Fos protein in the insular cortex and cingulate cortex were measured at 2 and 12 h after MCAO. Intestinal transit was 66.3+/-7.5% and 62.3+/-5.7% 2 and 12 h after sham operation, respectively, and MCAO significantly decreased intestinal transit to 39.0+/-3.5% and 47.0+/-5.1% at 2 and 12 h after the occlusion, respectively (p<0.01). The geometric center was 5.6+/-0.4 and 5.2+/-0.9 at 2 and 12 h after sham operation, respectively, and MCAO significantly decreased geometric center to 2.9+/-0.8 and 3.0+/-0.3 at 2 and 12 h after the occlusion, respectively (p<0.01). In control animals, injection of atropine decreased intestinal transit to 35.9+/-5.2%, and injection of glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, decreased intestinal transit to 28.8+/-9.5%. Pretreatment with MK-801, a glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist, in the MCAO group decreased intestinal transit to 11.8+/-3.2%, which was significantly decreased compared to MCAO group (p<0.01). MCAO markedly increased the expression of c-Fos protein in the insular cortex and cingulate cortex ipsilateral to the occlusion 2 h after MCAO, and pretreatment with MK-801 produced marked reduction of c-Fos protein expression compared to MCAO group (p<0.01). These results suggest that modulation of gastrointestinal motility after MCAO might be partially mediated through a glutamate NMDA receptor system.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Atropine , Dizocilpine Maleate , Gastrointestinal Motility , Glutamic Acid , Gyrus Cinguli , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery , Middle Cerebral Artery , N-Methylaspartate , Neurotransmitter Agents , SalicylamidesABSTRACT
Sildenafil slows down the gastric emptying of a liquid test meal in awake rats and inhibits the contractility of intestinal tissue strips. We studied the acute effects of sildenafil on in vivo intestinal transit in rats. Fasted, male albino rats (180-220 g, N = 44) were treated (0.2 mL, iv) with sildenafil (4 mg/kg) or vehicle (0.01 N HCl). Ten minutes later they were fed a liquid test meal (99m technetium-labeled saline) injected directly into the duodenum. Twenty, 30 or 40 min after feeding, the rats were killed and transit throughout the gastrointestinal tract was evaluated by progression of the radiotracer using the geometric center method. The effect of sildenafil on mean arterial pressure (MAP) was monitored in a separate group of rats (N = 14). Data (medians within interquartile ranges) were compared by the Mann-Whitney U-test. The location of the geometric center was significantly more distal in vehicle-treated than in sildenafil-treated rats at 20, 30, and 40 min after test meal instillation (3.3 (3.0-3.6) vs 2.9 (2.7-3.1); 3.8 (3.4-4.0) vs 2.9 (2.5-3.1), and 4.3 (3.9-4.5) vs 3.4 (3.2-3.7), respectively; P < 0.05). MAP was unchanged in vehicle-treated rats but decreased by 25 percent (P < 0.05) within 10 min after sildenafil injection. In conclusion, besides transiently decreasing MAP, sildenafil delays the intestinal transit of a liquid test meal in awake rats.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Gastric Emptying/drug effects , Gastrointestinal Transit/drug effects , Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Piperazines/pharmacology , Sulfones/pharmacology , Disease Models, Animal , Intestines/drug effects , Intestines/metabolism , Purines/pharmacology , TechnetiumABSTRACT
Objective To assess gastric emptying of mixed meal in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and small intestinal transit of solid meal.Methods Gastric emptying of solid and liquid food,and small intestinal transit time of solid food were measured in patients with DM by a dual isotopic technique.Anterior and posterior images were recorded by SPECT.Results The average time of 50% gastric and proximal gastric emptying of solid food and the maximal counting time of distal gastric solid food were much longer in patients than those in controls.About 40%-44% patients exceeded normal range.The change of the average time of delay phase was not significant,but 48% patients exceeded normal range;the change of gastric emptying of liquid food was not significant.But in patients,the small intestinal transit time of solid food was significantly longer than that of healthy controls.Conclusion The average transit time of solid meal in DM patients is longer,but their gastric emptying of liquid food is normal.